The Dark Star, Carbonic Gas and the Global Atmosphere

The Dark Star, Carbonic Gas and the Global Atmosphere:

Master Hilarion states, the 'star of the blackened face' is the Earth. It is the only planet in the solar system, which is dependent upon carbon for the manifestation of its various forms of life expression. The crust of the earth is its "face," and the vast quantities of carbon in the atmosphere and the carboniferous deposits scattered throughout the various strata of the earth have, figuratively speaking, blackened its face. Carbon and sin are interchangeable words in symbolism. Esoterically carbon is the symbol of original sin - the fall of the angels." Carbon and Evil are identical terms . Theogenesis 73.

If we had to frame our conclusions according to the data furnished to us by the geologists, then we would say that there was no real water, even during the Carboniferous period. We are told that gigantic masses of carbon, which existed formerly spread in the atmosphere as Carbonic Acid, were absorbed by plants, while a large proportion of that gas was mixed in the water. Now, if this be so, and we have to believe that all the Carbonic Acid which went to compose those plants that formed bituminous coal, lignite, etc., and went towards the formation of limestone, and so on, that all this was at that period in the atmosphere in gaseous form, then, there must have been seas and oceans of liquid carbonic acid?

Barometric pressure, moreover, must have exceeded several hundred times the pressure of our present atmosphere. SD1 253.

HPB raises an interesting point or question about whether the oceans were liquid carbonic acid. Master Hilarion informs us that the face of the dark star, Earth, was blackened, the face being the land strata and the atmosphere, but does not directly mention the ocean. I would posit that there would have been oceans of a much more acidic or carbonic nature than today before the water were more completely sieved through the rock strata of the ocean floor, indeed, this may well of been how the carbonic vapours which condensed eventually to form the oceans, were first filtered and cleaned to form the salty sea we are today familiar with. Even today the sea is filtered through the oceans rocky beds to take out the excessive salt which would naturally build up by the constant evaporation and rainfall, condensation, cycle which occurs. So we can see the cyclic link between the igneous rock, the oceans and the atmosphere.

I offer my strictly theoretical proposal that this star of carbon has brought humanity to the point of identity of mass self-counciousness with the aid of coal as Hilarion and DK inform us. Today however, we are at a zenith point, which is determining whether we, humanity, shall use energy solely for selfish purposes and feed the desire of the separated self thus polluting the atmosphere to a greater extent than had been foreseen, or whether we shall find a way to use energy more efficiently and cleanly as in some form of nuclear power on a global scale.

Humanity are today filling the atmosphere with billions of tonnes of un-necessary carbonic pollution and additional combinations of man made gases which the secret doctrine tell us are harmful to human beings and the planet and also other luminaries/planets. It upsets the circulatory flow of energies by blocking off the atmosphere to the solar inflow of energies and thus reinforcing and upsetting the healthful functioning of Earth.

In effect, humanity is in process of re enacting and re creating the atmosphere of primeval times, one which had an atmosphere of a highly carbonic and acidic nature, never intended for the habitation of humanity in full incarnation on the earthly/physical plane. This should be carefully born on mind by us all, for we are all responsible for the environment of our ‘home’ and also the filling of the ether with deleterious thoughts, also responsible for an un-healthy atmosphere, not conducive to our spiritual advancement. We have an un-healthy astral body surrounding our planet, a thick fog of evil desire which adds to the pollution of the astral atmosphere, manifesting in the outer appearance and atmosphere of the world in which we live and breath in today.

JPC.

(Ques.) "Can the amount of carbonic acid in the air influence the temperature of the air to a great degree, and can you explain the ice period of the earth through the fact that a great change in the quantity of carbonic acid gas in the atmosphere has occurred. "

The rays of energy coming from the sun are neither hot nor cold until they strike in space some sphere of matter, as the earth, or atmosphere of the same, when these rays cause heat by the magnetic and electrical interaction that results. The earth-sphere would be the negative pole to the sun-sphere.

This interaction between the earth and the sun would be greatly modified by the addition or subtraction of any gas to the atmosphere surrounding either of these bodies, just as the addition or subtraction of a chemical fluid to a battery would modify the action of the battery according to the nature of the fluid and chemical reactions induced. TT 283.

A wonderful day in the history of this planet was that when organic life was born from inorganic matter – when the frontier of the inorganic kingdom was crossed by the first organic cell born from the travail of the elements. A new polarity was established on and with the earth. All organic nature as it stands today owes a debt to that first avatar – cell. How many countless failures occurred before the right elements were brought into juxtaposition to produce that microscopic bit of encapsuled protoplasm ! This was the of preceding geologic ages.

The once igneous mass of the earth had cooled to this end. The heavy vapors that filled the atmosphere and obscured the light of the sun had condensed and fallen on the hot earth time after time – only to be sent back again to the cooler upper regions. Finally, as the earth cooled, these vapors condensed and formed the oceans. On the rock-ribbed bottoms of these oceans, the waters rolled. Tumultuous waves dashed on the rocky shores, urged by electrical storms and forces of terrific power. TT 310.

If the thick agglomeration of vapours, charged with carbonic acid, that escaped from the soil or was held in suspension in the atmosphere since the commencement of sedimentation, offered a fatal obstacle to the life of human organisms as now known, how, it will be asked, could the primeval men have existed? This consideration is, in reality, out of court. Such terrestrial conditions as were then operative had no touch with the plane on which the evolution of the ethereal astral races proceeded. SD2 157.

Let us return to our subject, pausing to think over it. Indeed, if there was vegetable life during those periods that could feed on the then deleterious elements; and if there was even animal life whose aquatic organization could be developed, notwithstanding the supposed scarcity of Oxygen, why could there not be human life also, in its incipient physical form, i.e., in a race of beings adapted for that geological period and its surroundings? Besides, science confesses that it knows nothing of the real length of "geological periods." SD2 159.

Such terrestrial conditions as were then operative had no touch with the plane on which the evolution of the ethereal astral races proceeded. SD2 157.

The rock is ground to powder. Chemical forces come into play. Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, sulphur, etc. are liberated, are associated and disassociated, until one day, in the silence and moisture and steamy warmth of the ocean bed, the inorganic kingdom comes to the first point of consciousness of itself reflected from the molecular elements of itself united to form the first bit of organic cell life on the globe. TT 311.

No grass or plants could have been physical, before there were animal or other organisms to breathe out the carbonic acid which vegetation has to imbibe for its development, its nutrition and growth. They are inter-dependent in their physical and achieved forms. SD2 290.

The plant consumes carbonic acid, which for animals and men produces death. IU2 343.

COAL AND BITUMEN:

In the early ages of this Manvantara the vegetation of the earth as well as the animal and mineral kingdoms was confined to fewer species, but there was a vast difference in size and weight between these and the forms of matter now in evidence upon the earth. Where a thousand or more varieties of some family or plant or tree may now be found, the same family was then represented by a single huge thick-stemmed large-leafed plant or tree with sap or juices. At the same time there roamed through those virgin forests innumerable proportionally huge animals now extinct. During cycle after cycle, trees, plants and animals were buried and resurrected and buried again, one strata upon another. The action or elementary forces held the real life principle of these forms of life as it were in suspense, and the decaying animal and vegetable substance was transformed into what we now realize as coal, asphalt, bitumen, etc.

The discoveries of the coal fields due to scientific research have been marvelous indeed, but they are as nothing to those that remain undiscovered; for, hidden within the oily substances always associated with these old forms of life is secret upon secret of infinite importance to man, such as Nature's remedies for innumerable diseases, and the means for supplying the great needs that will arise, which will be even greater than those now experienced. In these condensed, concentrated substances, essences and oils, may be found the true missing link between the mineral and vegetable kingdoms or substances. Crystallization of dead animal and vegetable forms created coal, and Nature stored that coal in her great work shop to furnish supplies to man for the healing and saving of the nations of the earth in time of extreme need, when other methods of obtaining such supplies should be cut off.

Fine essences, potent remedial drugs, mysterious poisons, and the stored-up colors of vast gorgeous wildernesses of bloom, as well as fire and light, are some of the properties of this wonderful bitumen, the concentrated blood of the vegetable kingdom, or that product which corresponds to the blood of the animal kingdom. And as in human and animal blood is contained the life principle, so in bitumen is contained the life principle of that old vegetation; and, as the life principle never dies, but simply passes from one form of life to another, it is conserved in the above mentioned products of coal and bitumen and their constituents. TT2 157.

Paraffin wax used to make candles, petroleum oils and waxes used for Vaseline and lubricating oils, Bitumen tars, and the substance used to glue our roads together, Asphalt.

It is worth highlighting a few of the areas on the above list simply to make the point more clearly. Each area covers industries worth millions of pounds with enormous numbers of products and applications.

Pharmaceuticals for example. Medicines come from oil. One of the most famous drugs is Asprin, a painkiller that as many people will tell you comes from willow bark. Not true. The Active ingredient, Salicylic acid was isolated from willow bark but Asprin itself is a salt of acetyl salicylic acid formulated by Felix Hoffman at the Bayer Company between 1897-1899. Now it is manufactured on an industrial scale from chemicals obtained from oil. The stories are the same for paracetamol, codeine, ibuprofen and almost all of the drugs used today.

Definition/Usage of Carbolic acid:

Car`bol´ic (kär`bol´ik)

a. 1. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid derived from coal tar and other sources; as, carbolic acid (called also phenic acid, and phenol{1}). See Phenol. Carbolic is made in Jamaica. This is a bacterial/germicidal soap. While it does have a few chemicals in it, it is specifically designed to help eliminate bacteria in the epidermis.

Carbolic acid: A synonym of phenol. In dilute solution, an antimicrobial agent. First used to clean wounds and dress them by the surgeon Joseph Lister who reported in 1867 that his wards at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary had remained free of sepsis, then a great scourge. On 12 August 1865 he first used carbolic acid in the treatment of an 11 year old boy with a compound fracture of his tibia. In 1867, he presented to the British Medical Association that the use of carbolic acid had prevented wound infections and in 1869 he first described the use of a carbolic spray to the wound and the atmosphere around an operation.

Carbonic acid forms carbonate and bicarbonate (or acid carbonate) salts. CARBONATE [carbonate] , chemical compound containing the carbonate radical or ion , CO 3-2 . Most familiar carbonates are salts that are formed by reacting an inorganic base (e.g., a metal hydroxide ) with carbonic acid . Normal carbonates are formed when equivalent amounts of acid and base react; bicarbonates, also called acid carbonates or hydrogen carbonates, are formed when the acid is present in excess. Sodium carbonate , Na 2 CO 3 , sodium bicarbonate , NaHCO 3 , and potassium carbonate , K 2 CO 3 , are widely used. SODIUM BICARBONATE [sodium bicarbonate] or sodium hydrogen carbonate, chemical compound, NaHCO 3 , a white crystalline or granular powder, commonly known as bicarbonate of soda or baking soda.

Fiery World - Book 2 (1934) - 461:

461. It is right that you do not forget the significance of soda. Not without reason has it been called the ash of Divine Fire. It belongs to those widely given remedies which have been sent for the usage of all humanity. One should remember about soda not only in sickness but also in health.

Fiery World - Book 3 (1935) - 595:

595. Soda is useful, and its usefulness is linked with Fire. Soda fields themselves have been called the ashes of a great Conflagration. Thus already in antiquity people knew the significance of soda. The surface of the Earth is covered with soda, for broad usage.

car·bon (kärbn)

A naturally abundant nonmetallic element that occurs in many inorganic and in all organic compounds, exists freely as graphite and diamond and as a constituent of coal, limestone, and petroleum, and is capable of chemical self-bonding to form an enormous number of chemically, biologically, and commercially important molecules. www.

'MysteriousPoisons' TT2 157. Hilarion.

When mice were treated topically with multiple carcinogenic doses of coal-tar, creosote or bitumen for up to 5 weeks, a steady accumulation of adducts was seen in skin DNA during the course of the treatment, approaching a steady-state level towards the end of the treatment period in some instances. www.

Bitumen extracts: Toxicity to humans, including carcinogenicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, and acute toxicity. www.

It is the muscular tissues, as being the most active organ in the animal economy, that are suspected of being the generators or factors of venoms, having the same importance as carbonic acid and urea in the functions of life, which venoms are the ultimate products of inner combustion. And though it is not yet fully determined whether poisons can be generated by the animal system of living beings without the participation and interference of microbes, it is ascertained that the animal does produce venomous substances in its physiological or living state. SD1 262.

What are the Fossil Fuels and how are they utilized in Our Society?

It so happens that this is one of my favorite topics. Fossil fuels are fuels that result from the fossilization process of living tissue after millions of years. Coal and crude petroleum are the fossil fuel sources.

Evolutionary Stages of Coal Development

Coal comes in several developmental stages, peat, lignite, bituminous and anthracite forms of coal. The first two stages are very inefficient producing a small amount of energy per mass of fuel. Lignite can be gasified to natural gas which is a particularly clean burning fuel in itself. Lignite has also been liquefied to produce liquid petroleum fractions. But the gasification and liquefaction process are very expensive and are not cost effective unless the cost of crude petroleum reaches 60.00 a barrel or more.

Bituminous (soft coal) and Anthracite (hard coal) are the stages of coal most often mined, processed , and used as fuel.

Disadvantages In The Utilization of Coal:

There are problems with the use of this form of fossil fuel. First, the extraction of the coal from the ground can be very expensive. Most coal deposits lie well below the surface of the earth which means that special drilling , the creation of mine shafts, and the shoring up of these shafts must be paid for. In addition, there is the danger of mine explosions when deposits of natural gas or finely powered coal dust undergoes combustion resulting in an explosion. Breathing of coal dust by the miners leads to a condition known as "black lung". This adds to the cost of the coal mining industry for the need of mine safety, and insurance and medical costs for the miners. Once the coal reaches the surface of the ground it must be transported by railroad or ocean going ships. This is an expensive undertaking. Once it reaches its destination for burning of the coal, one has to make sure that sulfur deposits and other elemental trace amounts are extracted from the coal which is expensive in and of itself. If this is not done then a number of other things are possible.

Coal that has sulfur impurities will cause the sulfur to undergo combustion:

S + O2 ----> SO2

and

2S + 3O2 ----> 2SO3

Now the presence of Sulfur Dioxide and Sulfur Trioxide in the air can have a debilitating effect on old and young alike. The dense sulfur oxide gases are difficult to expel from the lungs once they have entered. This can cause various lung related diseases such as emphysema. Sulfur oxide alerts are common in regions where coal burning plants exist for the production of electrical energy.

But the problem gets more complicated when it rains. The rain water mixes and dissolves the SO2 and SO3 to form acids like Sulfurous acid which is not particularly a problem since this acid is unstable and decomposes back into water and SO2, but the Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, is a strong acid and quite destructive. The acid mixture that results when rain water leaches the gases from the atmosphere aids in cleaning the air of the sulfur oxides, but it transforms this danger to the ground water on earth. The acidity measured by pH increases (pH decreases). This results in an imbalance in the ecological balance in aquatic life. Certain plant and animal forms that live in the water cannot function in a too acidic environment. In addition, carbonaceous materials (materials that contain the carbonate ion) like marble, CaCO3, will react with the "acid rain" to produce carbonic acid, H2CO3, which is another one of those unstable acids and decomposes into water and Carbon Dioxide, CO2. This, in effect, dissolves the marble material such as building stones of edifices or the marble statuettes from the Roman and Greek periods of antiquity. This loss of a part of our past is incalculable.

Then there are the gases that are produced by the combustion of the coal itself. The Carbon will react with Oxygen to produce one of two gases depending upon the amount of Oxygen present at the time:

C + O2 ----> CO2(g)

and

C + 1/2 O2 ----> CO(g)

The CO2 is the major product of combustion and is of itself not particularly harmful. In fact, CO2 is a necessary ingredient when it comes to the photosynthetic process that all plant life engage in during "enlightened" periods. Without CO2 then food could not be produced and life would cease to exist, at least, as we know it. The problem comes when the balance between CO2 and O2 is not favorable to life. When there is too much CO2 there is a possibility of the so called "greenhouse effect". This effect maintains that if the CO2 levels on the earth are allowed to increase above what is necessary for balance, the extra CO2 will form a blanket around the earth and prevent infra-red radiation from escaping the earth's surface in order to cool off the earth after having absorbed the suns rays. This has an effect of global warming which has been observed recently to be accelerating. The increase of the earth's surface of just a few degrees could result in the melting of the polar ice caps resulting in a significant increase in the coastal sea levels. Coastal cities like New York, Los Angeles, and San Francisco would be inundated with water. Weather patterns could undergo significant change converting temperate climates to tropical ones. This would have an adverse effect on growing areas and could result in the increase in the rate of the desertization process (the creation of deserts). The Great Sahara Desert was at one time a lush green valley. The food chain would be severely disrupted. The recent Venutian travels by the Soviet and American non manned ventures to the surface of that planet shows the end result of a greenhouse effect.

But what about Carbon Monoxide? Carbon Monoxide, CO, is an insidious toxic gas. Its toxicity lies in the fact that CO can bind to hemoglobin in the blood thus depriving life giving Oxygen of its vehicle to reach the cells. It also deprives waste gas, CO2, of the hemoglobin so that evacuation of waste gases is not possible. Just 50 parts per million of CO in the air can cause dizziness, nausea, and irritability. A thousand parts per million can result in loss of consciousness. 10,000 parts per million can result in death within 10 minutes. We experience mild forms of CO toxicity when we are trapped in a traffic jam in the cities. The CO coming from exhausts can give one headaches and make one irritable.

These disadvantages of the mining, transportation, and use of coal is the reason why we get only 25% of our total energy needs in this country from coal burning even though this country has the largest deposits of coal in the world which could last well into the 21st Century.

Crude Petroleum

This leaves us with the other fossil fuel, crude petroleum. Crude petroleum is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons resulting in a mixture that has dissolved gases. liquids, and solids contained in the crude petroleum liquid. Crude petroleum is not particularly useful in its natural state. The Native Indians have found it useful as a war paint and as a medicine man's tool for warding off sickness. However, crude petroleum has to be processed before we can untap that energy locked up into its molecular structures. This refining process involves fractional distillation which yields fractions of the petroleum such as natural gas, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, light oils (low viscosity), heavy oils (high viscosity), and waxes (solid hydrocarbons). Other refining processes can be done to improve the burning efficiency (monitored as octane rating), Catalytic cracking processes, polymerization processes and others can add to the burning efficiency of the various fractions like gasoline.

There are several advantages that crude petroleum has over coal use. First, the crude petroleum is a liquid with dissolved gases and suspended solid matter. Most of it is a liquid and as such, can be brought to the surface under pressure. Once at the surface of the Earth, the crude petroleum can be transported to its destination via pipeline to awaiting ships. The transportation and mining costs are much reduced.

However, gasoline and diesel fractions do have their own disadvantages. They form toxic products that exit the exhaust pipe. Some of these exhaust gases can be easily converted to harmless gases by the use of a catalytic converter. This device causes the decomposition of Nitrogen Oxides formed as a result of high temperatures and the presence of Oxygen and Nitrogen gases in the atmosphere. These oxides can be very toxic, but the catalyst will aid in the decomposition of the Nitrogen Oxides. Other problems have resulted because of additives like Lead Tetraethyl that was added before the 1970's. The Lead Tetraethyl did cause the gasoline fraction to burn more efficient adding as much as a 10-20 to the Octane Rating. However the extreme heats in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine would result in the decomposition of the Lead additive and the entrance of Lead into the atmosphere. Lead is a very toxic substance. They have banned Lead in paints because the ingestion of Lead can cause dementia and other forms of mental illness. There is a theory in history that attempts to partially explain why the Roman Empire crumbled from within. The theory maintains that since the Romans designed their dishes, cups, and goblets using Lead and earthen clays containing large amounts of Lead that the foods (which tend to be on the acidic side) and the wines slowly leached the Lead out of the utensils and the clay dishes. This increase in Lead ingestion caused mental disorders that threatened the very leadership of the Roman society and helped usher in its demise. Lead tetraethyl has been banned from its use in gasoline. The Food and Drug Administration monitors very carefully any clay pottery that enters this country for Lead content as well as other heavy metallic elements that can be toxic at relatively low levels. One way of doing this is to use a vinegar solution and allow the solution to remain in contact with the earthenware for several days. then the vinegar extract is analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy to determine the parts per million lead content.

Just recently internal combustion engines that had previously been designed to utilize gasoline or diesel fractions can be converted to using liquid propane. Propane like methane (natural gas) is a very clean burning fuel. Ethanol is also a very clean burning fuel and has been mixed with gasoline to give a cleaner burning higher octane fuel mixture. This is called "gasohol" and is used extensively in other countries. Certain gasoline stations in this country in the mid west use gasohol where 10% ethanol has been added to the gasoline.

Then there is the petrochemical industry spawned by the many polymeric materials that have found a market in our society. Plastics, synthetic fabrics, and other polymeric substances use petroleum as its basic precursor. Plastics such as polyethylene, Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC), Polystyrene, Formica, or fabrics like Dacron, Orlon, Nylon, Polyesters, synthetic rubber products, and many other commercial products that would not be possible without the crude petroleum. R. H. Logan, Instructor of Chemistry, Dallas County Community College District, North Lake College. http://members.aol.com/profchm/fossil_fuels.html

Carbon and sin are interchagable words in symbolism. Esoterically carbon is the symbol of original sin - the fall of the angels." Carbon and Evil are identical terms . Theogenesis 73.

Brown Gas:

It is not easy to perceive the crystals of brown gas. FW1 137.

Brown gas which is made dense by the horror of the astral world. Crossrads AY.

Doubt is like a brown gas. Bro 162.

It must not be forgotten that the energy radiated by humanity is necessary for the proper motion of the planet.

But when this energy becomes poisoned it weakens the protective net of the planet and thus upsets the equilibrium of many luminaries.

The waves of vibrations are altered and the planet loses part of its self-defense.

Thus humanity itself is master of its own destiny. But when there comes the destructive period of so-called godlessness, then the mass of energy which is usually sent into the higher layers is shattered and becomes the material for the brown gas. FW2 92.

Only through the heart can one sense the brown gas and arrest the asphyxiation in time. Heart 353.

The actual conditions that surrounds Earth should be studied, including the so-called brown gas, which prevents the approach of better vibrations. SMD4 922.

Air Pollution

Clean air is essential to life and good health. Several important pollutants are produced by fossil fuel combustion: carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and hydrocarbons. In addition, total suspended particulates contribute to air pollution, and nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons can combine in the atmosphere to form tropospheric ozone, the major constituent of smog.

Carbon monoxide is a gas formed as a by-product during the incomplete combustion of all fossil fuels. Exposure to carbon monoxide can cause headaches and place additional stress on people with heart disease. Cars and trucks are the primary source of carbon monoxide emissions.

Two oxides of nitrogen--nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide--are formed in combustion. Nitrogen oxides appear as yellowish-brown clouds over many city skylines. They can irritate the lungs, cause bronchitis and pneumonia, and decrease resistance to respiratory infections. They also lead to the formation of smog. The transportation sector is responsible for close to half of the US emissions of nitrogen oxides; power plants produce most of the rest.

Sulfur oxides are produced by the oxidization of the available sulfur in a fuel. Utilities that use coal to generate electricity produce two-thirds of the nation's sulfur dioxide emissions. Nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides are important constituents of acid rain. These gases combine with water vapor in clouds to form sulfuric and nitric acids, which become part of rain and snow. As the acids accumulate, lakes and rivers become too acidic for plant and animal life. Acid rain also affects crops and buildings.

Hydrocarbons are a broad class of pollutants made up of hundreds of specific compounds containing carbon and hydrogen. The simplest hydrocarbon, methane, does not readily react with nitrogen oxides to form smog, but most other hydrocarbons do. Hydrocarbons are emitted from human-made sources such as auto and truck exhaust, evaporation of gasoline and solvents, and petroleum refining.

The white haze that can be seen over many cities is tropospheric ozone, or smog. This gas is not emitted directly into the air; rather, it is formed when ozone precursors mainly nonmethane hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides react in the presence of heat and sunlight. Human exposure to ozone can produce shortness of breath and, over time, permanent lung damage. Research shows that ozone may be harmful at levels even lower than the current federal air standard. In addition, it can reduce crop yields.

Finally, fossil fuel use also produces particulates, including dust, soot, smoke, and other suspended matter, which are respiratory irritants. In addition, particulates may contribute to acid rain formation. www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/fossil_fuels/the-hidden-cost-of-fossil-fuels.html

The coal mines of the world cannot long afford the increasing drain made upon them. Steam has reached its utmost limits of power, and does not fulfil the requirements of the age. It knows that its days are numbered. SD1 560.

Such are the wonders of modern physical science; but at what cost of apparatus, and carbonic acid and coal gas. IU2 606.

JPC. April 2006.